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THE 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN

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THE 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN
15th-18th August 2011 Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Copenhagen, Denmark
Organised By Section for Engineering Design and Product Development Department of Management Engineering at DTU and the Design Society
Proceedings Volume DS68-8 IMPACTING SOCIETY THROUGH ENGINEERING DESIGN
VOLUME 8: DESIGN EDUCATION Edited By Steve Culley Ben Hicks Tim McAloone Thomas Howard Bill Ion Published by the Design Society

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First published in 2011
This publication is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. Unlicensed multiple copying of the contents of this publication is illegal. Inquiries should be addressed to the Design Society. © 2011 The Design Society, unless otherwise stated. The Design Society is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, number SC 031694 ISBN 978-1-904670-28-5, 346 pages. Printed by Lightning Source, Inc., La Vergne, TN, USA and by Lightning Source UK Ltd., Milton Keynes, UK The publishers are not responsible for any statement made in this publication. Data, discussion, and conclusions developed by authors are for information only and are not intended for use without independent substantiating investigation on the part of potential users. Opinions expressed are those of the Author and not necessarily those of the Design Society.

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Preface by the Programme Chair
Welcome to the ICED11 Proceedings! A large team of individuals working together are responsible for the selection of the 416 papers being presented here at ICED11, the establishment of the themes, sessions and the creation of the podium and discussion activities. This team consists of the programme chairs, the theme chairs and their assistants, and last but by no means least the reviewers. In particular, the written comments of the reviewers have been critical to the programme team in making their final choices and grouping papers into the conference themes. The papers have been collated into a multiple range of formats: a book of abstracts, a memory stick of full proceedings and ten volumes of proceedings, available via a print- on-demand supplier. These have been numbered against both Design Society and ISSN referencing. This will enable more extensive access, referencing and citation in the future. For ICED11 there is no difference in prestige between the papers in podium and discussion sessions. All have passed the ICED quality threshold and papers in the discussion sessions have been selected and grouped to stimulate fundamental and exciting debate. To facilitate this we have put in place a new 5 x 5 format – 5 slides in 5 minutes. We are also introducing a number of techniques to encourage audience participation and for the first time we are trialling live minutes – so as to provide a record of the debates. Further to this, recorded interviews with all the theme chairs will be undertaken on the final day of the conference so that there is also a persistent summary of each theme following the conference. The records from the discussion sessions will be made available at the conference and also uploaded to the DS website alongside the interviews with the theme chairs. So we hope that you enjoy the programme and participate fully in what is arguably the Premier engineering design research conference in the world. We also hope that you find time to enjoy Copenhagen, catch up with old friends and make some new ones. Steve Culley Ben Hicks Programme Chair Assistant Programme Chair ICED11 i

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Preface by the Conference Chair
With these, the proceedings of the eighteenth International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED11, it can safely be stated that engineering design research is firmly established as a strong research discipline. In its 30 year history this is the first time that an ICED conference has returned to the same city, ��Wonderful Copenhagen��. In the Danish official ��Year of Design�� the city is the perfect conference location, hosting the highest quality design, ranging from industrial design, through stunning architecture, to a dynamic engineering design industry, which has extensively backed the ICED11 conference. As design researchers, design practice is our research object and industrial companies are our research laboratories. Based on our observations, discussions and participation in design activities, we gather knowledge and insights and crystallise these into both academic models and practical methods. Our customers are students, in training as the product developers and innovators of the future, and industrialists, engaging with us to get insight into tools and methods, which fit to their practices and empower them to meet the challenges of global competition. The theme we have chosen for ICED11 is Impacting Society through Engineering Design. Design has a central role in bringing engineering and technology to practical use. Each of the 416 papers in these proceedings provides its own contribution to the ICED11 theme. We��re delighted to see the variety and the quality of contributions that our colleagues from the design research community have contributed to ICED11. We have taken great care to create a conference showing leading edge research into engineering design and product development practice and to provide a lively backdrop for knowledge exchange and research discussion. Our goals with ICED11 have been to place particular emphasis on industry participation, provocative and relevant keynote speeches, maximum time for debate and discussion, and space to go in to depth, via the SIG workshops. And all this with a Danish flavour, which we hope you find welcoming, fun and ��hyggelig��! Welcome to ICED11! Tim McAloone Tom Howard Conference Chair Assistant Conference Chair ii ICED11

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Preface by the Design Society President
The International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED) is the flagship conference of the Design Society, a Society created in 2001, on the foundations laid by Workshop Design-Konstruktion (WDK), to promote the development of the understanding of all aspects of design. The ICED conferences were inaugurated in 1981 in Rome, and with one extra conference have been held every two years since then, in fifteen countries of the world. Thirteen conferences were held under the auspices of WDK, and this is the fifth organised by the Design Society. It is also the first time that ICED has returned to a city in which the conference has been held before – Copenhagen was the second host city in 1983, and this revisit is most appropriate in view of the leading role that the city and its technical university have played in design research and practice over many years. The 2011 Conference continues the format established in 2009, with a programme made up of plenary sessions, podium presentations, discussion sessions with focused debate and workshops led by the Design Society��s Special Interest Groups. We hope that this varied programme, combined with extensive opportunities for networking, will provide an exciting opportunity for researchers and practitioners to learn about the latest developments in engineering design. Organising an international conference takes an enormous amount of work, and I would like to express the thanks of the Society to the great team that has worked over many months to ensure the success of the Conference. Especially I would like to thank Tim McAloone, Tom Howard and colleagues at the Technical University of Denmark for their great work in the Organising Committee, and Steve Culley, Ben Hicks and the Programme Committee for bringing together such an excellent programme. Of course, their work would be in vain without the fantastic contributions of the authors, reviewers, theme chairs and session chairs, and the thanks of the Society are due to all of them. Chris McMahon Design Society President ICED11 iii

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ICED11 Design Society Programme Committee
Stephen Culley - Programme Chair University of Bath, United Kingdom Ben Hicks - Assistant Programme Chair University of Bath, United Kingdom Thomas Howard - Organising Committee Representative Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Udo Lindemann - Design Society Representative Technical University of Munich, Germany Tim McAloone - Organising Committee Representative Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Margareta Norell - Design Society Representative KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Martin Grimheden – Design Society Representative KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
ICED11 Organising Team
Tim McAloone – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Thomas Howard – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Sofiane Achiche – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Saeema Ahmed-Kristensen – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Mogens Myrup Andreasen – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Per Boelskifte – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Hans Peter Lomholt Bruun – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Georg Christensen – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Claus Thorp Hansen – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Anja Maier – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Krestine Mougaard – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Birna S. Colbe Månsson – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark John Restrepo – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Hamish McAlpine – University of Bath, United Kingdom
ICED11 v

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ICED11 Theme Chairs
John Clarkson and David Wynn, Design Processes Yoram Reich, Design Theory and Research Methodology Marco Cantamessa, Design Organisation and Management Udo Lindemann, Product and Systems Design Andy Dong, Design Methods and Tools Johan Malmkvist, Lars Almefelt and Andreas Dagman, Design for X, Design to X Wei Chen and Harrison Kim, Design Information and Knowledge Petra Badke-Schaub, Human Behaviour in Design Bill Ion, Design Education
vi ICED11

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Aakjaer Jensen, Thomas – Universe Foundation, Denmark Achiche, Sofiane – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Adams, Robin – Purdue University, United States Ahm, Thorkild – IPU, Denmark Albers, Albert – Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany Almefelt, Lars – Chalmers, Sweden Anderl, Reiner – Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Germany Andersson, Kjell – KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Andrade, Ronaldo – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janiero, Brazil Andreasen, Mogens Myrup – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Antonsson, Erik – California Institute of Technology, United States Aoussat, Ameziane – Ecole Nationale Superieure des Arts et Metiers, France Arai, Eiji – Osaka University, Japan Arlbjorn, Jan – University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Aurisicchio, Marco – Imperial College London, United Kingdom Badke-Schaub, Petra – TU DELFT, Netherlands Bathelt, Jens – Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zuerich, Switzerland Ben-Ahmed, Walid – RENAULT, France Bey, Niki – DTU Management Engineering, Denmark Bhamra, Tracy – Loughborough University, United Kingdom Bigand, Michel – Ecole Centrale de Lille, France Binder, Thomas – the Danish Design School, Denmark Birkhofer, Herbert – Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany Bjärnemo, Robert – Lund University, Sweden Björk, Eva-Stina – NHV Nordic School of Public Health, Sweden Blanco, Eric – Grenoble INP, France Blessing, Lucienne T.M. – University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Blount, Gordon – Coventry University, United Kingdom Boelskifte, Per – DTU - Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Bohemia, Erik – Northumbria University, United Kingdom Bojcetic, Nenad – University of Zagreb, Croatia Boks, Casper – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Bolognini, Francesca – University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Bonjour, Eric – FEMTO-ST Institute, France Booker, Julian David – University of Bristol, United Kingdom Borg, Jonathan C. – University of Malta, Malta Boujut, Jean-François – Grenoble Institute of Technology, France Bouwhuis, Dominic G – University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands Bracewell, Robert Henry – Cambridge University, United Kingdom Brandt, Eva – The Danish Design School, Denmark Brissaud, Daniel – Universite de Grenoble, France Broberg, Ole – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Brown, David C. – WPI, United States Bruun, Hans Peter Lomholt – DTU, Denmark Buch, Anders – DTU-Management, Denmark Burchardt, Carsten – Siemens Industry Software GmbH & Co, KG, Germany Burvill, Colin Reginald – The University of Melbourne, Australia Bylund, Nicklas – Sandvik Coromant, Sweden Cagan, Jonathan – Carnegie Mellon University, United States Caillaud, Emmanuel – Universite de Strasbourg, France Campbell, Matthew Ira – University of Texas at Austin, United States Cantamessa, Marco – Politecnico di Torino, Italy Cardoso, Carlos Coimbra – Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Casakin, Hernan – Ariel University Center, Israel Cash, Philip – University of Bath, United Kingdom Chakrabarti, Amaresh – Indian Institute of Science, India Chamakiotis, Petros – University of Bath, United Kingdom Chen, Wei – Northwestern University, United States ICED 11 vii
ICED11 Scientific Committee

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Childs, Peter R.N. – Imperial College London, United Kingdom Chirone, Emilio – Universita di Brescia, Italy Christensen, Bo – Copenhagen Business School, Denmark Clarkson, Peter John – University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Claudio, Dell��Era – Politecnico di Milano, Italy Clausen, Christian – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Coatanea, Eric – Aalto University, Finland Cormican, Kathryn – National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland Coutellier, Daniel – Universite de Valenciennes, France Culley, Steve – University of Bath, United Kingdom Cutting-Decelle, Anne-Françoise – Ecole Centrale Paris, France Dankwort, C. Werner – University of Kaiserslautern, Germany Darlington, Mansur – University of Bath, United Kingdom Darses, Francoise – CNRS-LIMSI, France de Vere, Ian James – Swinburne University of Technology, Australia de Weck, Olivier Ladislas – MIT, United States Deans, Joe – The University of Auckland, New Zealand Dekoninck, Elies Ann – University of Bath, United Kingdom Dong, Andy – The University of Sydney, Australia Donndelinger, Joseph A. – General Motors LLC, United States Dorst, Kees – UTS, Australia Drejer, Anders – Aalborg University, Denmark Duffy, Alex – University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom Duhovnik, Joe – University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Eckert, Claudia – The Open University, United Kingdom Eder, Ernst – Royal Military College of Canada (retired), Canada Eigner, Martin – University of Kaiserslautern, Germany Ekman, Kalevi – Aalto University, Finland Ellman, Asko – Tampere University of Technology, Finland Elspass, Wilfried J. – Zhaw, Switzerland Eppinger, Steven – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States Eri , Özg��r – Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, United States Evans, Steve – Cranfield University, United Kingdom Fadel, Georges M. – Clemson University, United States Fan, Ip-Shing – Cranfield University, United Kingdom Fan, Zhun – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Fargnoli, Mario – University of Rome ��La Sapienza��, Italy Finger, Susan – Carnegie Mellon University, United States Fischer, Xavier – ESTIA, France Fortin, Clement – CRIAQ, Canada Frankenberger, Eckart – Airbus, Germany Frise, Peter R. – University of Windsor, Canada Fujita, Kikuo – Osaka University, Japan Fukuda, Shuichi – Stanford University, United States Galle, Per – The Danish Design School, Denmark Gardoni, Mickael – ÉTS / INSA de Strasbourg, Canada Gausemeier, J��rgen – Heinz Nixdorf Institute, Germany Gerhard, Detlef – Vienna University of Technology, Austria Gericke, Kilian – University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Gero, John – Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, United States Gerson, Philips M. – Hanze University Groningen, Netherlands Gertsen, Frank – Aalborg University, Denmark Giess, Matt – Universit�� de Technologie de Compi��gne, United Kingdom Girard, Philippe – University Bordeaux, France Gogu, Grigore – Institut Francais de Mecanique Avancee, France Goh, Yee Mey – Loughborough University, United Kingdom Goker, Mehmet H. – Salesforce.com, United States Goldschmidt, Gabriela – Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel viii ICED 11
ICED11 Scientific Committee cont.

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Gomes, Samuel – Belfort-Montbeliard University of Technology, France Graessler, Iris – Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany Green, Graham – University of Glasgow, United Kingdom Gries, Bruno – Capgemini Consulting, Germany Grimheden, Martin – KTH Machine Design, Sweden Grote, Karl-Heinrich – Otto-von-Guericke- University Magdeburg, Germany Grubiši , Izvor – University of Zagreb, Croatia Gunn, Wendy – SPIRE, Denmark Gurumoorthy, Balan – Indian Institute of Science, India Gzara, Lilia – Grenoble Institute of Technology, France Hadj-Hamou, Khaled – Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, France Hagelskjaer Lauridsen, Erik – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Hales, Crispin – Hales & Gooch Ltd., United States Hansen, Claus Thorp – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Hansen, Poul Kyvsgaard – Aalborg Universitet, Denmark Hansen, Zaza Nadja Lee – The Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Hansen, Christian Lindschou – DTU, Denmark Hatchuel, Armand – Mines Paris Tech, France Hein, Lars – IPU, Denmark Helten, Katharina – TU M��nchen, Germany Hemphälä, Jens – KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Henderson, Mark Richard – Arizona State University, United States Hicks, Ben – University of Bath, United Kingdom Hohne, Gunter – Technische Universität Ilmenau, Germany Holliger, Christoph – University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland Horvath, Imre – Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Hosnedl, Stanislav – University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic Howard, Thomas James – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Hsuan, Juliana – Copenhagen Business School, Denmark Huet, Greg – Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, Canada Ijomah, Winifred – University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom Ilies, Horea – University of Connecticut, United States Ion, William – University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom Isaksson, Karl Ola – Luleå tekniska universitet, Sweden Jackson, Mats – Malardalen University, Sweden Jelaska, Damir – University of Split, Croatia Jensen, Torben Elgaard – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Jensen, Ole Kjeldal – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Johannesson, Hans – Chalmers, Sweden Johansson, Glenn – School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Sweden Jorgensen, Ulrik – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Jun, Thomas – Loughborough University, United Kingdom Kannengiesser, Udo – NICTA, Australia Karlsson, Lennart – Luleå University of Technology, Sweden Keates, Simeon – IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark Keldmann, Troels – Keldmann Healthcare A/S, Denmark Kim, Harrison – University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, United States Kim, Yong Se – Creative Design Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, SK Kiriyama, Takashi – Tokyo University of the Arts, Japan Kokkolaras, Michael – University of Michigan, United States Kotzab, Herbert – CBS, Denmark Kovacevic, Ahmed – City University London, United Kingdom Kreimeyer, Matthias – MAN Truck & Bus AG, Germany Kreye, Melanie E – University of Bath, United Kingdom Krishnamurty, Sundar – University of Massachusetts-Amherst, USA Kristensen, Tore – Copenhagen Business School, Denmark Krus, Petter – Linköping University, Sweden Kuosmanen, Petri – Aalto University/School of Engineering, Finland Ladeby, Klaes – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark ICED11 ix

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Larsson, Andreas – Lund University, Sweden Larsson, Tobias C. – Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden Le Masson, Pascal – Mines Paris Tech, France Leary, Martin John – RMIT university, Australia Lee, SeungHee – University of Tsukuba, Japan Legardeur, Jeremy – ESTIA, France Lenau, Torben – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Levy, Pierre Denis – Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands Lilly, Blaine – Ohio State University, United States Lindahl, Mattias – Linköping University, Sweden Lindemann, Udo – TUM, Germany Lloveras, Joaquim – Technical University of Catalonia, Spain Mabogunje, Ade – Stanford University, United States MacGregor, Steven – IESE Business School, Spain Maher, Mary – University of Maryland, United States Maier, Anja Martina – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Maier, Jonathan – Clemson University, United States Malmqvist, Johan Lars – Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Manfredi, Enrico – University of Pisa, Italy Marini, Vinicius Kaster – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Marjanovic, Dorian – University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Croatia Marle, Franck – Ecole Centrale Paris, France Matta, Nada – Universite de Technologie de Troyes, France Matthews, Jason – University of Glamorgan, United Kingdom Matzen, Detlef – University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Maurer, Maik – Technische Universität M��nchen, Germany McAloone, Tim C. – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark McAlpine, Hamish Charles – University of Bath, United Kingdom McKay, Alison – University of Leeds, United Kingdom McMahon, Christopher Alan – University of Bath, United Kingdom Medland, Anthony – University of Bath, United Kingdom Meerkamm, Harald – University Erlangen- Nuremberg, Germany Mekhilef, Mounib – University of Orl��ans, France Merlo, Christophe – ESTIA, France Millet, Dominique – SUPMECA Toulon, France Mocko, Gregory Michael – Clemson University, United States Moehringer, Stefan – Simon Moehringer Anlagenbau GmbH, Germany Moes, Niels – Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Montagna, Francesca – Politecnico di Torino, Italy Mortensen, Niels Henrik – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Mulet, Elena – Universitat Jaume, Spain Mullineux, Glen – University of Bath, United Kingdom Munk, Lone – Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark Murakami, Tamotsu – University of Tokyo, Japan Nadeau, Jean-Pierre – Ecole Nationale Superieure des Arts et Metiers de Bordeaux, France Nagai, Yukari – JAIST, Japan Neugebauer, Line – DTU, Denmark Newnes, Linda – University of Bath, United Kingdom Nielsen, Teit Anton – DTU, Denmark Nielsen, Ole Fiil – Worm Development, Denmark Norell Bergendahl, Margareta E B – KTH, Sweden Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna B – Linköping University, Sweden Olesen, Jesper – Bang & Olufsen, Denmark Olsson, Annika – Lund University, Sweden Ölundh Sandström, Gunilla – KTH, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Otto, Kevin Norbert – RSS, United States Ottosson, Stig – Tervix, Sweden Ouertani, Mohamed Zied – Cambridge University, United Kingdom Ovtcharova, Jivka – Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany x ICED11
ICED11 Scientific Committee cont.

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Ozkil, Ali Gurcan – dtu, Denmark Paetzold, Kristin – University Bundeswehr Munich, Germany Papalambros, Panos Y. – University of Michigan, United States Paredis, Chris – Georgia Tech, United States Pavkovic, Neven – University of Zagreb, Croatia Pedersen, Rasmus – Worm Development, Denmark Petiot, Jean-François – Ecole Centrale Nantes, France Ploug, Ole – Hydro Aluminium, Denmark Prasad, Brian – Parker Aerospace, United States Pulm, Udo – BMW, Germany Raine, John – AUT University, New Zealand Ramani, Karthik – Purdue University, United States Ramirez, Mariano – University of New South Wales, Australia Randmaa, Merili – Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia Ray, Pascal – Institut Frangais de Mecanique Avancee, France Reich, Yoram – Tel Aviv University, Israel Reidsema, Carl – University of Queensland, Australia Remmen, Arne Remmen – Aalborg University, Denmark Restrepo, John – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Riel, Andreas – EMIRAcle and Grenoble Institute of Technology, France Riitahuhta, Asko Olavi – Tampere University of Technology, Finland Rinderle, James – University of Massachusetts, United States Ritz��n, Sofia – KTH, Sweden Roth, Bernard – Stanford University, United States Roucoules, Lionel – Arts et M��tiers ParisTech, France Rovida, Edoardo – Politecnico di Milano, Italy Štorga, Mario – University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Croatia Sachse, Pierre – University of Innsbruck, Austria Sagot, Jean-Claude – Universite Technologique de Belfort Montbeliard, France Sakao, Tomohiko – Linkoping University, Sweden Salehi, Vahid – University of Bath, United Kingdom Salustri, Filippo Arnaldo – Ryerson University, Canada Schabacker, Michael – Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany Schaub, Harald – IABG, Germany Seering, Warren – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States Setchi, Rossi – Cardiff University, United Kingdom Shah, Jami – Arizona State U, Tempe, United States Shea, Kristina – Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany Shimomura, Yoshiki – Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Shu, L.H. – University of Toronto, Canada Siadat, Ali – Arts et Metiers ParisTech, France Sigurj��nsson, J��hannes B. – NTNU, Norwegian University of Science And Technology, Norway Simmons, John – Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom Simpson, Timothy W. – Penn State University, United States Snider, Chris – University of Bath, United Kingdom Stal-Le Cardinal, Julie – Ecole Centrale Paris, France Stankovic, Tino – University of Zagreb, Croatia Stark, Rainer G. – Berlin Institute of Technology, Germany Stören, Sigurd – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Subrahmanian, Eswaran – Carnegie Mellon and Center for Science Technology & Policy, India Summers, Joshua – Clemson University, United States Sundin, Erik – Linköping University, Sweden Sunnersjo, Staffan – Jonkoping University, Sweden Söderberg, Rikard – Chalmers, Sweden Takai, Shun – Missouri University of Science and Technology, United States Tan, Ah Kat – Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore Tan, Adrian – BIO Intelligence Service, France Taura, Toshiharu – Kobe University, Japan Tegel, Oliver – Dr.Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Germany Thallemer, Axel – Universitaet fuer industrielle und kuenstlerische Gestaltung, Austria ICED11 xi

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Thurston, Deborah Lee – University of Illinois, United States Tichkiewitch, Serge – Grenoble INP, France Tollenaere, Michel – Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, France Tomiyama, Tetsuo – TU Delft, Netherlands Torry-Smith, Jonas Mørkeberg – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Troussier, Nadege – Universit�� de Technologie de Compiegne, France Törlind, Peter – Luleå University of Technology, Sweden Udiljak, Toma – University of Zagreb, Croatia Uflacker, Matthias – Hasso Plattner Institute, Germany Ullman, David – Robust Decisions Inc, United States Vajna, Sandor – Otto-von-Guericke Magdeburg, Germany Valderrama Pineda, Andres Felipe – Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Vance, Judy M. – Iowa State University, United States Vaneker, Tom Henricus Jozef – University of Twente, Netherlands Vermaas, Pieter – Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Visser, Willemien – CNRS-INRIA, France Vukic, Fedja – University of Zagreb, Croatia Wallace, Ken – University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Wartzack, Sandro – Friedrich-Alexander- Universität Erlangen-N��rnberg, Germany Weber, Christian – Ilmenau University of Technology, Germany Weil, Benoit – MinesParisTech, France Weiss, Menachem – TECHNION, Israel Whitfield, Robert Ian – University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom Whitney, Daniel E – MIT, United States Wikander, Jan – KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Wood, Kristin Lee – The University of Texas, United States Wynn, David C – University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Wörösch, Michael – DTU Management, Denmark Yan, Xiu – University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom Yang, Maria – MIT, United States Yannou, Bernard – Ecole Centrale Paris, France Youn, Byeng D. – Seoul National University, South Korea Young, Robert – Loughborough University, United Kingdom Yuen, Matthew – Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China Žavbi, Roman – University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Zeiler, Wim – Technical University Eindhoven, Netherlands Zissimos, Mourelatos – Oakland University, United States xii ICED11
ICED11 Scientific Committee cont.

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Table of Contents
Preface by the Program Chair i Preface by the Conference Chair ii Preface by the Design Society President iii ICED11 Design Society Programme Committee v ICED11 Organising Team v ICED11 Theme Chairs vi ICED11 Scientific Committee vii VOLUME 1: DESIGN PROCESSES
Monitoring a Property Based Product Development – from Requirements to a Mature Product Hartmut Krehmer, Harald Meerkamm, Sandro Wartzack 1-1 Item Life Cycles in Product Data Management: A Case Study on How to Implement a Design Data Validation Process Bertrand Nicquevert, Jean-François Boujut 1-12 Process Optimization by DSM-Based Modelling of Inputs and Outputs Maik Maurer 1-24 Morphological Analysis of a Sustainable School Design Wim Zeiler 1-35 Enabling Set-Based Concurrent Engineering in Traditional Product Development Dag Raudberget 1-45 Generic Model of The Early Phase of An Innovation Process Regarding Different Degrees Of Product Novelty Robert Orawski, Jan Krollmann, Markus Mörtl und Udo Lindemann 1-57 Bayesian Project Monitoring Peter C Matthews And Alex D M Philip 1-69 User Centered Design in The Wild Stompff G., Henze L.A.R., Jong, F. De , Vliembergen E. Van, Stappers P.J., Smulders F.E.H.M., Buijs J.A. 1-79 Integrated Process and Product Model for The Evlauation of Product Properties Christoph Westphal, Sandro Wartzack 1-91 Product Development Processes in Small and Middle-Sized Enterprises – Identification and Elimination of Inefficiency caused by Product Variety Katharina G. M. Eben, Katharina Helten, Udo Lindemann 1-101 Neutral Description and Exchange of Design Computational Workflows Gondhalekar A. C., Guenov M. D.1, Wenzel H. , Nunez M.1, Balachandran L. K.1 1-113 ICED11 ix

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Decision Based Variable Mechatronic Design Processes Peter Hehenberger, Babak Farrokhzad, Florian Poltschak 1-122 Using Simulation to Support Process Integration and Automation of the Early Stages of Aerospace Design Warren Kerley, Gareth Armstrong, Carla Pepe, Michael Moss, P John Clarkson 1-134 Study on The Introduction of Design Management in The Product Development Process of Brazilian Clothing Companies Graziela Kauling, Maur��cio Bernardes 1-147 Lean Product Development: Hype Or Sustainable New Paradigm? Amer ��Cati��, Michael Vielhaber 1-157 Structured Concept Development with Parameter Analysis Ehud Kroll 1-169 Creating Value through Lean Product Development – Applying Lean Principles Jörgen Furuhjelm, Håkan Swan, Johan Tingström 1-180 What are the Characteristics of Engineering Design Processes? Anja M Maier, Harald Störrle 1-188 Empirical Verifications of Some Radical Innovation Design Principles onto the Quality of Innovative Designs Bernard Yannou, Marija Jankovic, Yann Leroy 1-199 Decision-Making in Disruptive Innovation Projects: A Value Approach F. Petetin, G. Bertoluci, J. C. Bocquet 1-211 A Comparison of Evolutionary and Revolutionary Approaches in Mechatronic Design Ralf Stetter, Stefan Möhringer, Udo Pulm 1-221 Consideration of Goal Interrelations in Lifecycle-Oriented Product Planning Clemens Hepperle, Armin Förg, Markus Mörtl And Udo Lindemann 1-233 Rules for Implementating Dynamic Changes in DSM-Based Plans Arie Karniel, Yoram Reich 1-243 Analysis Of Created Representations Of The Design Object During The Problem Solving Process Albert Albers And Aaron Wiedner 1-256 Influence of Design Evaluations on Decision-Making and Feedback During Concept Development Vinicius Kaster Marini, Saeema Ahmed-Kristensen And John Restrepo 1-266 A Mechatronic Case Study Highlighting the Need for Re-Thinking The Design Approach Jonas Mørkeberg Torry-Smith, Niels Henrik Mortensen 1-276 Design Support Tools for Product-Service Systems Yong Se Kim, Sang Won Lee, Jee-Hyong Lee, Dae Man Han And Hye Kyung Lee 1-288 Design Process Automation – A Structured Product Description by Properties and Development of Optimization Algorithms Sebastian Gramlich, Herbert Birkhofer And Andrea Bohn 1-299 Solving Global Problems using Collaborative Design Processes Torben Lenau, Christina Okai Mejborn 1-310 x ICED11

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ICED11 xi Lean Approach to Integrate Collaborative Product Development Processes And Digital Engineering Systems Thomas Vosgien, Marija Jankovic, Benoit Eynard, Thomas Nguyen Van, Jean-Claude Bocquet 1-321 An Empirical Evaluation of a Framework for Design for Variety and Novelty Srinivasan V, Amaresh Chakrabarti 1-334 Indicating the Criticality of Changes During the Product Life Cycle Florian G. H. Behncke, Udo Lindemann 1-344 Characterizing the Dynamics of Design Change Afreen Siddiqi, Olivier L. De Weck, Bob Robinson, Rene Keller 1-355 The Influence of A Company��s Strategy on Creativity and Project Results in An NPD – Case Study Nikola Vukšinovi, Nuša Fain, Jože Duhovnik 1-366 When Sensemaking Meets Resource Allocation: An Exploratory Study of Ambiguous Ideas in Project Portfolio Management Ernesto Guti��rrez 1-373 The Continous ��Fuzzy Front End�� as a Part of The Innovation Process Milan Stevanović, Dorian Marjanović 1-383 Comparisons of Design Methodologies and Process Models across Disciplines: A Literature Review Kilian Gericke, Luciënne Blessing 1-393 A Framework for Developing Viable Design Methodologies for Industry Timo Lehtonen, Tero Juuti, Hannu Oja, Seppo Suistoranta, Antti Pulkkinen, Asko Riitahuhta 1-405 Development of A Framework for Improving Engineering Processes Carla Pepe, Daniel Whitney, Elsa Henriques, Rob Farndon, Michael Moss 1-417 Coping With Deviation And Decision-Making Joakim Eriksson, Anette Brannemo 1-429 Ensuring the Integration of Performance and Quality Standards in Design Process Management: Codesteer Methodology Aur��lien Poulet, Bertrand Rose, Emmanuel Caillaud 1-441 Engaging Actors in Co-Designing Heterogeneous Innovations Ulrik Jørgensen, Hanne Lindegaard And Tanja Rosenqvist 1-453 Capturing Interactions in Design Preferences: A Colorful Study Hannah Turner, Seth Orsborn 1-465 Re-Conceptualising Value in The Engineering Design Process: The Value Cycle Map Ghadir I. Siyam, David C. Wynn, P. John Clarkson 1-475 Facing the Open Innovation Dilemma – Structuring Input at the Company��s Border Andreas Kain, Rafael Kirschner, Alexander Lang, Udo Lindemann 1-487 Integrated System and Context Modeling of Iterations and Changes in Development Processes Stefan Langer, Arne Herberg, Klaus Körber, Udo Lindemann 1-499 Embodiment Design through the Integration of OTSM-TRIZ Situation Analysis with Topological Hybridization of Partial Solutions Alessandro Cardillo, Gaetano Cascini, Francesco Saverio Frillici, Federico Rotini 1-509

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A Framework for Integrated Process Modeling and Planning of Mechatronic Products David Hellenbrand And Udo Lindemann 1-521 KPI Measurement In Engineering Design – A Case Study Bruno Gries, John Restrepo 1-531 Information Models Used to Manage Engineering Change: A Review of The Literature 2005-2010 Naveed Ahmad, David C. Wynn, P. John Clarkson 1-538
VOLUME 2: DESIGN THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
On the Link Between Features and Functions D.Gabelloni, R. Apreda , G. Fantoni 2-1 Understanding the Worlds of Design and Engineering - an Appraisal of Models Martin Gudem, Casper Boks 2-13 Courses of Product Development Identification – Effects and Visions Milosav Ognjanovi 2-23 Integral Design: To Combine Architecture and Engineering for a Sustainable Built Environment Wim Zeiler 2-31 How to Validate Research in Engineering Design? Alex Barth, Emmanuel Caillaud, Bertrand Rose 2-41 Towards a Scientific Model of Function-Behavior Transformation Yong Chen, Zhinan Zhang, Zelin Liu, Youbai Xie 2-51 Design of Functions by Function Blending Yu Park, Shota Ohashi, Eiko Yamamoto, Toshiharu Taura 2-61 A Method for Selecting Base Functions for Function Blending in Order to Design Functions Syo Sakaguchi, Akira Tsumaya, Eiko Yamamoto, Toshiharu Taura 2-73 A Systematic Approach of Design Theories Using Generativeness and Robustness Armand Hatchuel, Pascal Le Masson, Yoram Reich, Benoit Weil 2-87 Accepting Ambiguity of Engineering Functional Descriptions Pieter E. Vermaas 2-98 Theoretical Framework for Comprehensive Abstract Prototyping Methodology Imre Horv��th 2-108 Design Inspired Innovation for Rural India Sten Ekman, Annalill Ekman, Uday Salunkhe, Anuja Agarwal 2-120 The Semantic Debate in Design Theories Applied to Product Identity Creation Gr��goire Bonnemaire, Andre Liem 2-130 Modeling Paradoxes in Novice and Expert Design Kees Dorst, Claus Thorp Hansen 2-142 Designer Behaviour and Activity: An Industrial Observation Method Philip Cash, Ben Hicks, Steve Culley, Filippo Salustri 2-151 xii ICED11

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Design Research Reflections – 30 Years On Crispin Hales, Ken Wallace 2-163 Development of an Evaluation Framework for Implementation of Parametic Associative Methods in an Industrial Context Vahid Salehi, Chris Mcmahon 2-173 Measuring History: Does Historical Car Performance Follow the TRIZ Performance S Curve? Chris Dowlen 2-183 Comparing Designing Across Different Domains: an Exploratory Case Study Jeff Wt Kan, John S Gero 2-194 Product Failure: A Life Cycle Approach Luca Del Frate 2-204 Designing Patent Portfolio for Disruptive Innovation – A New Methodology Based on C-K Theory Yacine Felk, Pascal Le Masson, Benoit Weil, Patrick Cogez, Armand Hatchuel 2-214 Virtualisation of Product Development/ Design – Seen from Design Theory and Methodology Weber, C., Husung, S. 2-226 Investigating Elementary Design Methods – Using and Extending the Genome-Approach Sebastian Zier, Hermann Kloberdanz, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 2-236 Environment Based Design (EBD) Vs. X Development: A Dialog Between Theory and Retrospection Yong Zeng, Jean Vareille 2-246 Dimensions of Objectives in Interdisciplinary Product Development Projects Albert Albers, Quentin Lohmeyer, Bjoern Ebel 2-256 The Impact of Examples on Creative Design: Explaining Fixation and Stimulation Effects Marine Agogu��, Akin Kazakçi, Benoit Weil, Mathieu Cassotti 2-266 A Method for Design Reasoning Using Logic: from Semantic Tableaux to Design Tableaux Hendriks, Lex; Kazakci, Akin Osman 2-275 Description, Prescription and ��Bad�� Design Paul Winkelman 2-287 LINKographer: An Analysis Tool to Study Design Protocols Based on FBS Coding Scheme Morteza Pourmohamadi, John S Gero 2-294 Do Functions Exist? G.Fantoni, R.Apreda, D.Gabelloni, A.Bonaccorsi 2-304 E3 Value Concept for a New Design Paradigm Yong Se Kim, Chang Kyu Cho, Young Dae Ko, Haeseong Jee 2-314 CK, an Engineering Design Theory? - Contributions, Limits and Proposals Denis Choulier, Eric Coatanea, Joelle Forest 2-323 A Theory of Decomposition in System Architecting Hitoshi Komoto, Tetsuo Tomiyama 2-334 ICED11 xvii

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A Framework for Comparing Design Modelling Approaches Across Disciplines Boris Eisenbart, Kilian Gericke, Luciënne Blessing 2-344 A Note on the Debate on Scientific Process Vs. Design Process Damien Motte, Robert Bjärnemo 2-356 Conducting Preliminary Design Around an Interactive Tabletop Thierry Gidel, Atman Kendira, Alistair Jones, Dominique Lenne, Jean-Paul Barth��s, Claude Moulin 2-366 Toward an Adaption-Innovation Strategy for Engineering Design Philip Samuel, Kathryn Jablokow 2-377
VOLUME 3: DESIGN ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT
How Design Researchers can lead Higher Education to a Greater Impact on Society Howard T.J., McMahon C.A., Giess M.D. 3-1 Addressing the Risks of Global Product Development Hansen, Z.N.L. & Ahmed-Kristensen, S. 3-11 Design Driven Portfolio Management Søren Ingomar Petersen, Martin Steinert, Sara Beckman 3-21 Business Plans Informed by Design Søren Ingomar Petersen, John Heebøll 3-31 Influence of the Time Perspective on New Product Development Success Indicators Afrooz Moatari Kazerouni-, Sofiane Achiche, Onur Hisarciklilar, Vincent Thomson 3-40 Considerations on Design Management of Furniture Manufacturing Companies in Southern Brazil Ana Galafassi, Maur��cio Bernardes 3-52 Technology Development Practices in Industry Ulf Högman, Hans Johannesson 3-62 Challenges in Networked Innovation Christiane Maurer, Rianne Valkenburg 3-74 Experiences with Idea-Promoting Initiatives – Why they don��t always Work Liv Gish 3-83 Improving the Management of Design Project Risks using the Concept of Vulnerability : A Systems Approach Vidal La., Marle F., Bocquet Jc. 3-93 A Frequency Analysis Approach to Ensure the Robustness of Interactions-Based Clustering of Project Risks Marle F., Vidal La. 3-104 Effective Scheduling of User Input During the Design Process Young Mi Choi, Ph.D. 3-116 Engineering Environment for Product Innovation Michael Bitzer, Michael Vielhaber 3-123 xviii ICED11

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Requirements for Product Development Self-Assessment Tools Christoph Knoblinger1, Josef Oehmen, Eric Rebentisch, Warren Seering Katharina Helten 3-133 Expanding The Social Dimension: Towards A Knowledge Base for Product-Service Innovation Åsa Ericson, Andreas C. Larsson, Tobias C. Larsson 3-143 Designing a Process for a Monopoly to transform to a Free Market Competitor – The Swedish Pharmacy System Annalill Ekman, Stefan Carlsson, Sten Ekman 3-153 Managing Resource Scarcity in Small Enterprises�� Design Processes Lars Löfqvist 3-164 Collaborative Glitches in Design Chain: Case Study of an Unsuccessful Product Development with a Supplier H��l��ne Personnier, Marie-Anne Le Dain, Richard Calvi 3-176 Recommendations for Risk Identification Method Selection according to Product Design and Project Management Maturity, Product Innovation Degree and Project Team Viviane Vasconcellos Ferreira Grubisic, Thierry Gidel, Andr�� Ogliari 3-187 Identification and Design of Pilot Projects to Implement Lean Development Katharina Helten, Katharina G.M. Eben, Udo Lindemann 3-199 Exploring Collaboration in a Networked Innovation Project in Industry Katinka Bergema, Maaike Kleinsmann, Cees De Bont, Rianne Valkenburg 3-211 Business Model Design Methodology for Innovative Product-Service Systems: A Strategic and Structured Approach Ji Hwan Lee, Dong Ik Shin, Yoo S. Hong, Yong Se Kim 3-221 Prototyping in Organizational Process Engineering Matteo Vignoli, Diego Maria Macr��, Fabiola Bertolotti 3-233 On the Stability of Coordination Patterns in Multidisciplinary Design Projects João Castro, Martin Steinert, Warren Seering 3-245 Management of Product Development Projects through Integrated Modeling of Product and Process Information Kazuya Oizumi, Kei Kitajima, Naoto Yoshie, Tsuyoshi Koga, Kazuhiro Aoyama 3-253 Packaging Design in Organic Food Supply Chains – A Case Study in Sweden Annika Olsson, Helena Lindh, Gwenola Bertoluci 3-264 A Holistic Procedure for Process Integration in Design Cooperation Christiane Beyer, Karl-Heinrich Grote, Oliver Tegel, Christian Kubisch 3-274 Exploit and Explore: Two Ways of Categorizing Innovation Projects Åsa Ericson, Åsa Kastensson 3-284 Steering the Value Creation in an Airplane Design Project from the Business Strategies to the Architectural Concepts Ndrianarilala Rianantsoa, Bernard Yannou, Romaric Redon 3-294 A Comparison of the Integration of Risk Management Principles in Product Development Approaches Denis Bassler, Josef Oehmen, Warren Seering, Mohamed Ben-Daya 3-306 ICED11 xix

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Supporting Cycle Management by Structural Analysis of the Organisational Domain in Multi-Project Environment Fatos Elezi, Alvaro Pechuan, Alexander Mirson, Sebastian Kortler, Wieland Biedermann, Udo Lindemann 3-317 The Central Role of Exploration in Designing Business Concepts and Strategy Senni Kirjavainen, Tua A. Björklund 3-325 Integration of Suppliers into the Product Development Process using the Example of the Commercial Vehicle Industry Nicole Katharina Stephan, Christian Schindler 3-335 Overcoming the Keep the Market Out Premise (KMOP) in Product Development A. Lang, R. Kirschner, A. Kain, U. Lindemann 3-346 Stakeholders�� Analysis Tools to Support the Open Innovation Process Management – Case Study Istefani Car��sio De Paula, Samanta Yang, Andr�� Korzenowski, Marcelo Nogueira Cortimiglia 3-354 Inside a PSS Design Process: Insights through Protocol Analysis Tomohiko Sakao, Svante Paulsson, Hajime Mizuyama 3-365 Knowledge Management Challenges In New Business Development - Transition Of The Energy System Ole Kjeldal Jensen, Saeema Ahmed-Kristensen, Nevena Jensen 3-377 Rethinking Value: A Value-Centric Model of Product, Service and Business Development Merili Randmaa, Krestine Mougaard, Thomas Howard, Tim C. McAloone 3-387
VOLUME 4: PRODUCT AND SYSTEM DESIGN
Product Platform Automation for Optimal Configuration of Industrial Robot Families Mehdi Tarkian, Johan Ölvander, Xiaolong Feng, Marcus Pettersson 4-1 On the applicability of structural criteria in Complexity Management Wieland Biedermann, Udo Lindemann 4-11 Eco Tracing - A Systems Engineering Method for Efficient Tracelink Modelling Rainer Stark, Asmus Figge 4-21 Equilibrium Design Problems in Complex Systems Realization Jitesh H. Panchal 4-33 Balancing Internal and External Product Variety in Product Development Iris Graessler 4-45 Integrated Product and Production Model – Issues on Completeness, Consistency and Compatibility Stellan Gedell, Anders Claesson, Hans Johannesson 4-55 A Framework for Designing Product-Service Systems Gokula Vijaykumar Annamalai Vasantha, Romana Hussain, Rajkumar Roy, Ashutosh Tiwari, Stephen Evans 4-67 xx ICED11

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Orthogonal Views on Product/Service-System Design in an Entire Industry Branch Tim C. Mcaloone, Krestine Mougaard, Line M. Neugebauer, Teit A. Nielsen, Niki Bey 4-77 Representation and Analysis of Business Ecosystems Co-Specializing Products and Services Changmuk Kang, Yoo S. Hong, Kwang Jae Kim, Kwang Tae Park 4-88 Interdisciplinary System Model for Agent-Supported Mechatronic Design Ralf Stetter, Holger Seem��ller, Mohammad Chami, Holger Voos 4-100 Strategic Planning for Modular Product Families Henry Jonas, Dieter Krause 4-112 Modularity Within a Matrix of Function and Functionality (MFF) Žiga Zadnik, Vanja Čok, Mirko Karakaši , Milan Kljajin, Jože Duhovnik 4-122 Proactive Modeling of Market, Product and Production Architectures Niels Henrik Mortensen, Christian L. Hansen, Lars Hvam, Mogens Myrup Andreasen 4-133 Designing Mechatronic Systems: A Model- Integration Approach Ahsan Qamar, Jan Wikander, Carl During 4-145 An Approach for More Efficient Variant Design Processes Sebastian Schubert, Arun Nagarajah, Jörg Feldhusen 4-157 The Process of Optimizing Mechanical Sound Quality in Product Design Nielsen, Thomas Holst; Eriksen, Kaare Riise 4-167 Development of Modular Products under Consideration of Lightweight Design Thomas Gumpinger, Dieter Krause 4-175 The Investigation and Computer Modelling of Humans with Disabilities A. J. Medland, S.D. Gooch 4-185 Evaluation of an Automated Design and Optimization Framework for Modular Robots using a Physical Prototype Vaheed Nezhadali, Omer Khaleeq Kayani, Hannan Razzaq, Mehdi Tarkian 4-195 Designing Consistent Structural Analysis Scenarios Wieland Biedermann, Udo Lindemann 4-205 Design of an Upper Limb Independence-Supporting Device using a Pneumatic Cylinder Norihiko Saga, Koichi Kirihara, Naoki Sugahara 4-215 Actuation Principle Selection – An Example of Trade-off Assessment by CPM-Approach Torsten Erbe, Kristin Paetzold, Christian Weber 4-222 Automated User Behavior Monitoring System for Dynamic Work Environments Yeeun Choi, Minsun Jang, Yong Se Kim, Seongil Lee 4-230 On the Design of Devices for People with Tetraplegia S.D. Gooch, A. J. Medland, A. R. Rothwell, J.A. Dunn, M.J.Falconer 4-238 Brownfield Process for Developing of Product Families Timo Lehtonen, Jarkko Pakkanen, Jukka Järvenpää, Minna Lanz, Reijo Tuokko 4-248 Approach for the Creation of Mechatronic System Models Martin Follmer, Peter Hehenberger, Stefan Punz, Roland Rosen, Klaus Zeman 4-258 Modeling and Design of Contacts in Electrical Connectors Albert Albers, Paul Martin, Benoit Lorentz 4-268 Empirical Consideration of Predicting Chain Failure Modes in Product Structures During Design Review Process Yuichi Otsuka, Shotakiguchi, Hirokazu Shimizu, Yoshiharu Mutoh 4-278 ICED11 xxi

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Indicating the Criticality of Changes During the Product Life Cycle Florian G. H. Behncke, Udo Lindemann 4-288 A Methodical Approach for Developing Modular Product Families Dieter Krause, Sandra Eilmus 4-299 Product Model of the Autogenetic Design Theory Konstantin Kittel, Peter Hehenberger, S��ndor Vajna, Klaus Zeman 4-309 Product Development Support For Complex Mechatronic System Engineering– Case Fusion Reactor Maintenance Simo-Pekka Leino, Harri Mäkinen, Olli Uuttu, Jorma Järvenpää 4-319 Analyzing the Dynamic Behavior of Mechatronic Systems within the Conceptual Design Frank Bauer, Harald Anacker, Tobias Gaukstern, J��rgen Gausemeier, Viktor Just 4-329 Linear Flow-Split Linear Guides: Inflating Chambers to Generate Breaking Force Nils Lommatzsch, Sebastian Gramlich, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 4-337 A Knowledge-Based Master Modeling Approach to System Analysis and Design Marcus Sandberg, Ilya Tyapin, Michael Kokkolaras, Ola Isaksson 4-347 Social Systems Engineering – An Approach for Efficient Systems Development Thomas Naumann, Ingo Tuttass, Oliver Kallenborn, Simon Frederick Königs 4-357 Improving Data Quality in DSM Modelling: A Structural Comparison Approach Steffen F- Schmitz, David C. Wynn, Wieland Biedermann, P. John Clarkson, Udo Lindemann 4-369 Enhancing Intermodal Freight Transport by Means of an Innovative Loading Unit Dipl.-Ing. Max Klingender, Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Jursch 4-381 Representing Product-Service Systems with Product and Service Elements Yong Se Kim, Sang Won Lee And Dong Chan Koh 4-390 A Classification Framework for Product Modularization Methods Charalampos Daniilidis, Vincent Enßlin, Katharina Eben, Udo Lindemann 4-400 A Meta Model of the Innovation Process to Support the Decision Making Process using Structural Complexity Management Sebastian Kortler, Udo Lindemann 4-410 Pareto Bi-Criterion Optimization for System Sizing : A Deterministic and Constraint Based Approach Pierre-Alain Yvars 4-420 Sick Systems: Towards a Generic Conceptual Representation of Healthcare Systems Alexander Komashie, Thomas Jun, Simon Dodds, Hugh Rayner, Simon Thane, Alastair Mitchell-Baker, John Clarkson 4-430 Property Rights Theory as a Key Aspect in Product Service Engineering Anna Katharina Dill, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 4-441 Product with Service, Technology with Business Model: Expanding Engineering Design Tomohiko Sakao, Tim Mcaloone 4-449 Analysing Modifications in the Synthesis of Multiple State Mechanical Devices using Configuration Space and Topology Graphs Somasekhara Rao Todeti, Chakrabarti Amaresh 4-461 xxii ICED11

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VOLUME 5: DESIGN FOR X, DESIGN TO X
Ecodesign in Industrial Design Consultancies – Comparing Australia, China, Germany and the USA Johannes Behirsch , Dr. Mariano Ramirez, Dr. Damien Giurco 5-1 Design for Additive Manufacturing Technologies: New Applications of 3D-Printing for Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling Stefan Junk, Marco Tränkle 5-12 Reflections on Design for Sustainability- A View from a Distinct Point and the Role of Interior Designer K Ioannou-Kazamia, J Gwilliam 5-19 Life Cycle Approach to Support Tooling Design Decisions In��s Ribeiro , Paulo Peças, Elsa Henriques 5-28 Designing with a Social Conscience: An Emerging Area in Industrial Design Education and Practice Mariano Ramirez Jr 5-39 Global Optimization of Environmental Impact by a Constraint Satisfaction Approach – Application to Ship-Ecodesign Vincent Larroud��, Pierre-Alain Yvars, Dominique Millet 5-49 Designing for Resilience: using a Delphi Study yo Identify Resilience Issues for Hospital Designs in a Changing Climate Mary Lou Masko, Claudia M. Eckert, Nicholas H.M. Caldwell, P. John Clarkson 5-60 Modelling Time-Varying Value of an End-Of-Life Product for Design for Recovery Minjung Kwak, Harrison M. Kim 5-70 The Impact of Safety Standards and Policies on Optimal Automobile Design Steven Hoffenson, Panos Papalambros 5-81 Design for Diagnosis Ralf Stetter, Ulrike Phleps 5-91 An Engineering-Based Environmental Management System Design Colin Burvill, John Weir, Martin Leary 5-103 Getting to Sustain (-Able Systems) via using Survivable and Impose-Able Ones Richard Tabor Greene 5-113 Toward Proactive Eco-Design Based on Engineer and Eco-Designer's Software Interface Modeling Maud Rio, Tatiana Reyes, Lionel Roucoules 5-124 Designing Sustainable Society Scenarios using Forecasting Yuji Mizuno, Yusuke Kishita, Haruna Wada, Maki Hirosaki, Shinichi Fukushige, Yasushi Umeda 5-135 Success Criteria for Implementing Sustainability Information in Product Development Silje Helene Aschehoug, Casper Boks 5-145 Universal Design and Visual Impairment: Tactile Products for Heritage Access Jaume Gual, Marina Puyuelo, Joaquim Lloveras 5-155 Developing an Ecology of Mind in Design Emma L Dewberry 5-165 ICED11 xxiii

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Management of Energy Related Knowledge in Integrated Product Development – Concept and Selected Instruments Uwe Götze, Erhard Leidich, Annett Bierer, Susann Köhler 5-176 Sustainability Innovation in Early Phases Massimo Panarotto, Peter Törlind 5-187 Manufacturing Cost Estimation During Early Phases of Machine Design Michele Germani, Marco Mandolini, Paolo Cicconi 5-198 Design for Dependability – Identifying Potential Weaknesses in Product Concepts Tim Sadek, Michael Wendland 5-210 Impact of Modularised Production on Product Design in Automotive Industry Waldemar Walla, Thomas Baer, Jivka Ovtcharova 5-220 Design for Reliability: An Event- and Function-Based Framework for Failure Behavior Analysis in the Conceptual Design of Cognitive Products Thierry Sop Njindam, Kristin Paetzold 5-228 A New Approach to Modularity in Product Development – Utilising Assembly Sequence Knowledge Authors: A. Robert, X.T. Yan, S. Roth, K. Deschinkel, S. Gomes 5-238 Approach to Visualize the Supply Chain Complexity Induced by Product Variety Max Brosch, Gregor Beckmann, Dieter Krause 5-249 Integration of Remanufacturing Issues into the Design Process Gillian Hatcher, Winifred Ijomah And James Windmill 5-259 Investigating the Requirements Needed to Make Appropriate End of Life Decisions Kirsty Doyle, Winifred L. Ijomah, Jiju Antony 5-265 Product and Process Evaluation in the Context of Modularization for Assembly Niklas Halfmann, Steffen Elstner, Dieter Krause 5-271 A Case Study of Design for Affordance: Affordance Features of a Simple Medical Device Yong Se Kim, Young Chan Cho, Sun Ran Kim 5-282 Which Guideline is Most Relevant? Introduction of a Pragmatic Design for Energy Efficiency Tool Karola Rath, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 5-293 The Concept of Ecological Levers – A Pragmatic Approach for the Elicitation of Ecological Requirements Shulin Zhao, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 5-302 Methodology for Choosing Life Cycle Impact Assessment Sector-Specific Indicators Bruno Chevalier, Tatiana Reyes-Carrillo, Bertrand Laratte 5-312 Selection of Physical Effects Based on Disturbances and Robustness Ratios in the Early Phases of Robust Design Johannes Mathias, Tobias Eifler, Roland Engelhardt, Hermann Kloberdanz, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 5-324 Requirements of a Carbon Footprinting Tool for Designers Rhoda Trimingham, Sofia Garcia-Noriega 5-336 Extraction and Analysis Methodology for Supporting Complex Sustainable Design Helen Liang, David Birch 5-346 xxiv ICED11

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VOLUME 6: DESIGN INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE
Scenario-Based Design in Design Pattern Mining Claudia Iacob 6-1 Integral Designed Database Morphology for Active Roofs Wim Zeiler, Emile Quanjel 6-11 Dual Perspective on Information Exchange Between Design and Manufacturing Jessica Bruch, Glenn Johansson 6-21 The Digitial Divide: Investigating the Personal Information Management Practices of Engineers Hamish Mcalpine, Ben Hicks, Can Tiryakioglu 6-31 Predicting Emerging Product Design Trend by Mining Publicly Available Customer Review Data Conrad Tucker, Harrison M. Kim 6-43 How Product Representation Types are Perceived at the Client��s End to Facilitate Communication and Decision Making Andr�� Liem 6-53 Data Management Planning in Engineering Design and Manufacturing Research Mansur Darlington, Tom Howard, Alex Ball, Steve Culley, Chris Mcmahon 6-65 Capturing the Conceptual Design Process with Concept-Configuration-Evaluation Triplets Ehud Kroll, Alexander Shihmanter 6-76 Modeling and Management of Product Knowledge in an Engineer-to-Order Business Model Fredrik Elgh 6-86 Manifestation of Uncertainty - A Classification Melanie E. Kreye , Yee Mey Goh, Linda B. Newnes 6-96 Acquisition of Design-Relevant Knowledge within the Development of Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming Sebastian Röhner, Thilo Breitsprecher, Sandro Wartzack 6-108 Knowledge Representation for Supplier Discovery in Distributed Design and Manufacturing Christian Mcarthus, Farhad Ameri 6-121 Case Studies to Explore Indexing Issues in Product Design Traceability Framework Neven Pavković, Nenad Bojčetić, Leonard Franić, Dorian Marjanović 6-131 Learning from the Lifecycle: The Capabilities and Limitations of Current Product Lifecycle Practice and Systems James A. Gopsill, Hamish C. Mcalpine, Ben J. Hicks 6-141 Visualising Ergonomics Data for Design Hua Dong, Eujin Pei, Hongyan Chen, Robert Macredie 6-153 Knowledge Configuration Management for Product Design and Numerical Simulation J. Badin, D. Monticolo, D. Chamoret, S. Gomes 6-161 Reference Model for Traceability Records Implementation in Engineering Design Environment Mario Štorga, Dorian Marjanović, Tomaž Savšek 6-173 ICED11 xxv

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The Management of Manufacturing Processes using Complementary Information Structures Greg Huet, Cl��ment Fortin, Grant Mcsorley And Boris Toche 6-183 IT-Based Configuration and Dimensioning of Customer Specific Products – Towards a Framework for Implementing Knowledge Based Design Assistant Systems Detlef Gerhard, Christoph Lutz 6-192 Assessing the Conditions for Dissemination of End-User and Purchaser Knowledge in a Medtech Context Carl Wadell, Margareta Norell Bergendahl 6-200 A Scalable Approach for the Integration of Large Knowledge Repositories in the Biologically-Inspired Design Process D. Vandevenne, P.-A. Verhaegen , S. Dewulf , J.R. Duflou 6-210 Understanding Engineering Systems Through the Engineering Knowledge Genome: Structural Genes of Systems Topologies Offer Shai, Yoram Reich 6-220 Interface Qualification Between the Research Central Team and Design Offices in Order to Evaluate the Knowledge Sharing Marie Fraslin, Eric Blanco, Valerie Chanal Challenges in Semantic Knowledge Management for Aerospace Design Engineering Isaac Sanya, Essam Shehab, Dave Lowe 6-241 Means for Internal Knowledge Reuse in Pre-Development – The Technology Platform Approach Daniel Corin Stig, Dag Bergsjö 6-249 Exploiting Neighborhood and Multi-Dimension Granular Information for Supporting Design Rationale Retrieval Yan Liang, Ying Liu, Wing Bun Lee, Chun Kit Kwong 6-262 Providing Design Solution Repostories in the Field of Mechanism Theory Torsten Brix, Ulf Döring, Michael Reessing, Christian Weber 6-272 A Parametric Design Framework to Support Structural and Functional Modeling of Complex Consumer Electronics Products Kenichi Seki, Hidekazu Nishimura, Shaopeng Zhu, Laurent Balmelli 6-282 The Challenge of Handling Material Information From Different Sources A. Janus, D. Tartler, H. Krehmer, S. Wartzack 6-292 The Retrieval of Structured Design Knowledge Hongwei Wang, Aylmer L. Johnson, Rob H. Bracewell 6-303 Identification, Translation and Realisation of Requirements for a Knowledge Management System in an Engineering Design Consultancy Thomson, Avril Isabel 6-313 Development of Engineering Knowledge Models to Achieve Product Innovation Anna Karlsson, Peter Törlind 6-322 Perceptions of and Challenges with Knowledge Sharing – Enterprise Collaboration in a Virtual Aeronautical Enterprise Pär Johansson, Christian Johansson 6-332 xxvi ICED11

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Software Supported Knowledge Transfer for Product Development Sönke Krebber, Hermann Kloberdanz, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 6-342 Search for Similar Technical Solutions by Object Abstraction using an Ontology Andreas Kohn, Udo Lindemann 6-350 A Methodology for Discovering Structure in Design Databases Katherine Fu, Jonathan Cagan, Kenneth Kotovsky 6-360 Comparative Study of Theoretical and Real uses of Eco-Designed Laundry Detergents Chapotot, Emilie; Abi Akle, Audrey; Minel, St��phanie; Yannou, Bernard 6-370 Designers�� Thinking and Acting in Meetings with Clients S��nia Da Silva Vieira, Petra Badke-Schaub, Ant��nio Fernandes, Teresa Fonseca 6-382 A Structure for Representing Problem Formulation in Design Mahmoud Dinar, Jami Shah, Pat Langley, Glen Hunt And Ellen Campana 6-392 A New Metamodel to Represent Topologic Knowledge in Artifactual Design J. M. Jauregui-Becker, K.J.W. Gebauer , F. J. A. M. Van Houten 6-402 N-Gram Analysis in the Engineering Domain Martin Leary, Geoff Pearson, Colin Burvill, Maciej Mazur, Aleksandar Subic 6-414 Applying Context to Organize Unstructured Information in Aerospace Industry Yifan Xie, Steve J Culley, Frithjof Weber 6-424 Improving Design Rationale Capture During Embodiment Design Jeroen Van Schaik, Jim Scanlan, Andy Keane, Kenji Takeda, Dirk Gorissen 6-436 Exploring the Synthesis of Information in Design Processes – Opening the Black-Box Raja Gumienny, Tilmann Lindberg, Christoph Meinel 6-446 Representation of Cross-Domain Design Knowledge through Ontology Based Functional Models Dipl.-Ing. Milan Marinov, Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Dan Gutu, B.Sc. Janet Todorova, Dr. Mikl��s Szotz, Andr��s Simonyi, Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Dr. H.C. Jivka Ovtcharova 6-456 Adapting Aerospace Design Rationale Mapping To Civil Engineering: A Preliminary Study Nathan Eng, Emanuele Marfisi , Marco Aurisicchio 6-468 Knowledge Sharing Approaches in Method Development Peter Thor, Johan Wenngren, Åsa Ericson 6-480 Application of MOKA Methodology to Capture Knowledge in Design for Poka-Yoke Assembly Gabriela Estrada, Joaquim Lloveras 6-490 The Evolution of Information While Building Cross-Domain Models of a Design: A Video Experiment Naveed Ahmad, David C. Wynn, P. John Clarkson 6-500
VOLUME 7: HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN DESIGN
Improving Communication in Design: Recommendations From The Literature Anja M Maier, Denniz Dönmez, Clemens Hepperle, Matthias Kreimeyer, Udo Lindemann, P John Clarkson 7-1 ICED11 xxvii

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Culture and Concept Design: A Study of International Teams Andrew Wodehouse, Ross Maclachlan, Hilary Grierson and David Strong 7-12 Associative Thinking as a Design Strategy and its Relation to Creativity Hernan Casakin 7-22 Social Media Enabled Design Communication Structure in a Buyer-Supplier Relationship V. Hölttä, T. Eisto 7-32 Emotion-Driven Elicitation of Elderly People user needs Illustrated by a Walking Frame Case Study Hjalte P. Gudmundsson, Casper L. Andersen, Sofiane Achiche, Per Boelskifte 7-44 Choosing Innovation: How Reasoning Affects Decision Errors Ronny Mounarath, Dan Lovallo, Andy Dong 7-54 Enabling Objects for Participatory Design of Socio-Technical Systems Ole Broberg 7-64 Challenges and Limitations of Applying an Emotion-Driven Design Approach on Elderly Users Casper L. Andersen, Hjalte P. Gudmundsson, Sofiane Achiche, Per Boelskifte 7-74 On the Effective use of Design-By-Analogy: The Influences of Analogical Distance and Commonness of Analogous Designs on Ideation Performance Joel Chan, Katherine Fu, Christian Schunn, Jonathan Cagan, Kristin Wood, Kenneth Kotovsky 7-85 Ingredients of the Design Process: Going Through Emotional Passage Cliff Shin 7-97 Meaning-Based Assessment in Creative Design Hernan Casakin, Shulamith Kreitler 7-107 How Important is Team Structure to Team Performance? Vishal Singh, Andy Dong, John S Gero 7-117 Applied Test of Engineering Design Skill: Visual Thinking, Characterization, Test Development and Validation Jami J. Shah, Jay Woodward, S. M. Smith 7-127 Analysing the use of four Creativity Tools in a Constrained Design Situation Snider, C.M., Dekoninck, E.A., Yue, H., Howard, T.J. 7-140 Collaborative Trust Networks in Engineering Design Adaptation Simon Reay Atkinson, Anja M Maier, Nicholas Caldwell, P John Clarkson 7-152 The importance of Empathy in IT Projects: A Case Study on the Development of the German Electronic Identity Card Eva Köppen, Ingo Rauth, Maxim Schnjakin, Christoph Meinel 7-162 A Sound-Based Protocol to Study the Emotions Elicited by Product Appearance Weihua Lu, Jean-François Petiot 7-170 A Scenario of user Experience Juan Carlos Ort��z Nicol��s, Marco Aurisicchio 7-182 The Relationship Between a Model and a Full-Size Object or Building: The Perception and Interpretation of Models Yvonne Eriksson, Ulrika Florin 7-194 xxviii ICED11

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Review of Collaborative Engineering Environments: Software, Hardware, Peopleware Jonathan Osborn, Joshua D. Summers, Gregory M. Mocko 7-204 Exploring Consumer Needs with Lewin��s Life Space Perspective Kee-Ok Kim, Hye Sun Hwang 7-214 Proposal of "Expectology " as Design Methodology Tamotsu Murakami, Satoshi Nakagawa, Hideyoshi Yanagisawa 7-224 An Approach to Analyzing user Impressions and Meanings of Product Materials in Design Georgi V. Georgie v, Yukari Nagai 7-234 A Method to Study Affective Dynamics and Performance in Engineering Design Teams Malte F. Jung, Larry J. Leifer 7-244 Cultural ��Value Creation�� in the Design of Cellular Phones Andr�� Liem, Bijan Aryana 7-254 Idea Screening in Engineering Design using Employee-Driven Wisdom of the Crowds Balder Onarheim, Bo T. Christensen 7-265 Facilitating Creative Problem Solving Workshops: Empirical Observations at a Swedish Automotive Company Katarina Lund, Johan Tingström 7-275 Creative Teamwork in Quick Projects Development QPD, 24 Hours of Innovation Luz-Maria Jim��nez, Denis Choulier, Jeremy Legardeur, Mickaël Gardoni 7-285 Emotional Orientation and Context Analysis for Design Creativity Exercise Test Jongho Shin and Yong Se Kim 7-297 Understanding Fixation: A Study on the Role of Expertise Vimal Viswanathan and Julie Linsey 7-309 Adoption of a Systematic Design Process: A Study of Cognitive and Social Influences on Design Thea Morgan, Theo Tryfonas 7-320 Taxonomy of Cognitive Functions Torsten Metzler, Kristina Shea 7-330 Supporting Annotation-Based Argumentation Linking Discursive and Graphical Aspects of Design for Asynchronous Communication Jean-François Boujut 7-342 Initial Conditions: The Structure and Composition of Effective Design Teams Greg Kress, Mark Schar 7-353 Creativity Techniques for a Computer Aided Inventing System Davide Russo,Tiziano Montecchi 7-362 Characterizing Reflective Practice in Design – What about those Ideas you get in the Shower? Rebecca M. Currano, Martin Steinert, Larry J. Leifer 7-374 Monitoring Design Thinking Through In-Situ Interventions Micah Lande, Neeraj Sonalkar, Malte Jung, Christopher Han, Banny Banerjee, Larry Leifer 7-384 ICED11 xxix

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Design-by-Analogy using the Wordtree Method and an Automated Wordtree Generating Tool E. V. Oriakhi, J. S. Linsey, X. Peng 7-394 Around You: How Designers Get Inspired Milene Gonçalves, Carlos Cardoso, Petra Badke-Schaub 7-404 Information Behavior in Multidisciplinary Design Teams Ensici, Ayhan, Badke-Schaub, Petra 7-414 Designing: Insights from Weaving Theories of Cognition and Design Theories Eswaran Subrahmanian, Yoram Reich, Frido Smulders, Sebastiaan Meijer 7-424 Understanding the Front End of Design T. Harrison, M. Aurisicchio 7-437 Context-Specific Experience Sampling for Experience Design Research Yong Se Kim, Yeon Koo Hong, Jin Hui Kim, Young Mi Kim 7-448 Product Profile to Reduce Consumer Dissatisfaction in Terms of Soft Usability Problem and Demographical Factors: an Exploratory Study Chajoong Kim, Henri Christiaans 7-458 The Psychological Experience of user Observation Elizabeth Gerber 7-468 Problems and Potentials in the Creation of New Objects Joakim Juhl, Martin Gylling 7-480 A Protocol for Connective Complexity Tracking in the Engineering Design Process James Mathieson, Michael Miller, Joshua Summer 7-492 A New Framework of Studying the Cognitive Model of Creative Design Ganyun Sun, Shengji Yao 7-501
VOLUME 8: DESIGN EDUCATION
Identifying and Quantifying Industry Perceptions of Engineering Drawing Skills in Novice Malaysian Engineers Zulkeflee Abdullah, Colin Reginald Burvill, Bruce William Field 8-1 Measuring Malaysian Undergraduate Skills in Reading and Interpreting Engineering Drawing Zulkeflee Abdullah, Bruce William Field, Colin Reginald Burvill 8-13 Assessing Quality of Ideas in Conceptual Mechanical Design William Lewis, Bruce Field, John Weir 8-23 Fluency and Flexibility of Concepts Arising from Personalised Ideation Techniques Bruce Field 8-35 Exploiting Hand Sketching in Educating ��Mechanically Oriented�� Engineering Students Farrugia P.J., Borg J.C., Camilleri K.P. 8-45 Implementing Design Critique for Teaching Sustainable Concept Generation William Z Bernstein, Devarajan Ramnujan, Monica F Cox, Fu Zhao, John W Sutherland, Karthik Ramani 8-55 xxx ICED11

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Integrated Systems Design Education Alastair Conway, Graham Wren, Bill Ion 8-66 A Process of Conceptual Engineering Design for New Patentable Products Joaquim Lloveras 8-78 Strengthening Asian Advanced Design and Manufacture Education Through a Framework Approach Fayyaz Rehman, Xiu-Tian Yan, Youhua Li, Xincai Tan, Eric Miller, Nick Woodfine 8-88 Planning Industrial Phd Projects in Practice: Speaking Both 'academia' and 'practitionese' Ingrid Kihlander, Susanne Nilsson, Katarina Lund, Sofia Ritz��n, Margareta Norell Bergendahl 8-100 Characterization of Leadership within Undergraduate Engineering Design Teams Through Case Study Analysis Gary Palmer, Joshua D. Summers 8-110 Do Basic Schemata Facilitate Embodiment Design? Roman Žavbi, Nuša Fain, Janez Rihtarši 8-120 Machine Part Exhibition and Functional Mock-Ups to Enrich Design Education Gregor Beckmann, Dieter Krause 8-130 Teaching Design for Environment in Product Design Classes Michael C. Baeriswyl, Steven D. Eppinger 8-140 Integration of DFMA Throughout an Academic Product Design and Development Process Supported by a Plm Strategy Gilberto Osorio-Gomez, Santiago Ruiz-Arenas 8-151 Learning Levels in Technical Drawing Education: Proposal for an Assessment Grid Based on the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) Riccardo Metraglia, Gabriele Baronio, Valerio Villa 8-161 A Coherent and Discriminating Skills Standard for Innovative Design Denis Choulier, Pierre Alain Weite 8-173 A Proposal for an Assessment Form for Engineering Design Theses Robert Watty, Matthias Kreimeyer 8-184 Adapting Industrial Design Education to Future Challenges of Higher Education Andr�� Liem, Johannes B. Sigurjonsson 8-194 New Job Roles in Global Engineering – from Education to Industrial Deployment Kai Lindow, Patrick M��ller, Rainer Stark 8-205 An Ethical Stance: Engineering Curricula Designed for Social Responsibility Ian De Vere, Ajay Kapoor, Gavin Melles 8-216 Developing A Drawing Culture: New Directions in Engineering Education Ian De Vere, Gavin Melles, Ajay Kapoor 8-226 Shaping The Individual Designer: Participatory Design in Emergency Context. Briede Westermeyer, Juan Carlos; Cartes, Jorge; Bustamante, Alejandro; Perez, Marcela 8-236 A ��Theatric�� Approach to the Teaching of Design Jason Matthews, Tony Medland 8-245 The DesignExchange: Supporting the Design Community of Practice Celeste Roschuni, Alice M. Agogino, Sara L. Beckman 8-255 ICED11 xxxi

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Improving Engineering Education in India Using Information and Communication Technology: A New Framework Prerak Mehta 8-265 Foundations for a New Type of Design-Engineers – Experiences from DTU Ulrik Jørgensen, Søsser Brodersen, Hanne Lindegaard, Per Boelskifte 8-275 Sharing Experience in Design Education Based on Research and Industrial Practice Stanislav Hosnedl, Zbynek Srp 8-287
VOLUME 9: DESIGN METHODS AND TOOLS PART 1
Decision Support for Improving the Design of Hydraulic Systems by Leading Feedback into Product Development Michael Abramovici, Andreas Lindner, Florian Walde, Madjid Fathi, Susanne Dienst 9-1 Clustering Customer Dreams – An Approach for a More Efficient Requirement Acquisition Benjamin Röder, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 9-11 Proposal About the use of Data Base in Engineering Design Francesco Rosa, Edoardo Rovida, Roberto Vigano 9-21 Application of Basic Design Principles for Solution Search in Biomimetics Manuela Iulia Parvan, Andreas Schwalmberger, Udo Lindemann 9-30 Use of Constraints in the Early Stages of Design Glen Mullineux 9-40 A Knowledge-Based Superposing Sketch Tool for Design Concept Generation Through Reflection of Verbal and Drawing Expression Yutaka Nomaguchi, Yuko Kotera, Kikuo Fujita 9-50 Economic Impact Estimation of New Design Methods Roland Koppe, Stefan Häusler, Frank Poppen, Stephan Große Austing, Axel Hahn 9-61 Failure Mode and Effects Analysis in Combination with the Problem-Solving A3 Eirin Lodgaard,Øystein Pellegård, Geir Ringen, Jon Andreas Klokkehaug 9-71 Supporting Inclusive Product Design with Virtual User Models at the Early Stages of Product Development Pierre T. Kirisci, Klaus-Dieter-Thoben, Patrick Klein, Markus Modzelewski 9-80 Using Virtual Reality in Designing the Assembly Process of a Car Ilse Becker, Ville Toivonen, Simo-Pekka Leino 9-91 On the Types and Roles of Demonstrators for Designing Medical Devices Benoît Herman, Julien Sapin, Khanh Tran Duy, Benoît Raucent 9-101 Computational Representations for Multi State Design Tasks and Enumeration of Mechanical Device Behaviour Somasekhara Rao Todeti, Amaresh Chakrabarti 9-111 IFMEA – Integration Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Stefan Punz, Martin Follmer, Peter Hehenberger, Klaus Zeman 9-122 ELISE 3d - A Database-Driven Engineering and Design Tool Authors: M. Maier, Dr. C. Hamm 9-132 xxxii ICED11

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Evaluation of Data Quality in the Context of Continuous Product Validation Throughout the Development Process Jochen Reitmeier, Kristin Paetzold 9-143 Geometric Manipulation Method for Evaluation of Aesthetic Quality in Early Design Phases T. Stoll, A. Stockinger, S. Wartzack 9-153 A Morphological Approach to Business Model Creation using Case-Based Reasoning Ji Hwan Lee, Yoo S. Hong, 9-165 A Metric to Represent the Evolution of Cad/Analysis Models in Collaborative Design. Nicolas Dr��mont, Pascal Graignic, Nad��ge Troussier, Robert Ian Whitfield, Alex Duffy 9-176 Significance of Requirements for the Implementation of New Technologies using Shape Memory Technology Sven Langbein, Konstantin Lygin, Tim Sadek 9-186 Interdisciplinary Systems Modeling using the Contact and Channel-Model for SYSML Albers, Albert, Zingel, Christian 9-196 A Novel Hybrid 2D and 3D Augmented Reality Based Method for Geometric Product Development Pablo Prieto 9-208 A Methodology to Evaluate the Structural Robustness of Product Concepts Maximilian P. Kissel, David Hellenbrand, Udo Lindemann 9-215 Towards Assessing the Value of Aerospace Components: A Conceptual Scenario Marco Bertoni, Christian Johansson, Alessandro Bertoni 9-226 Seven Years of Product Development in Industry – Experiences and Requirements for Supporting Engineering Design with ��Thinking Tools�� Sven Matthiesen 9-236 Design of Innovative Product Profiles: Anticipatory Estimation of Success Potential Yuri Borgianni, Alessandro Cardillo, Gaetano Cascini, Federico Rotini 9-246 UMEA - A Follow-Up to Analyse Uncertainties in Technical Systems Roland Engelhardt, Marion Wiebel, Tobias Eifler, Hermann Kloberdanz, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 9-257 Selection of Design Concepts using Virtual Prototyping in the Early Design Phases Mikko Seppälä, Andrea Buda, Eric Coatan��a 9-267 Early Robustness Optimization of Automotive Modules – Regarding the Key Impact of the Human Factor Fabian Wuttke, Florian Feustel, Martin Bohn, Steffen Csernak, Andrea Bohn 9-275 Decision Processes in Engineering Design: A Network Perspective of Stakeholder and Task Interaction Julie R. Jupp 9-285 Immersive Product Improvement IPI – First Empirical Results of a New Method Rafael Kirschner, Andreas Kain, Alexander Lang, Udo Lindemann 9-295 A Methodology for Designing a Recommender System Based on Customer Preferences In��s Jomaa, Emilie Poirson, Catherine Da Cunha, Jean-François Petiot 9-305 Evaluation of Solution Variants in Conceptual Design by Means of Adequate Sensitivity Indices Tobias Eifler, Johannes Mathias, Roland Engelhardt, Hermann Kloberdanz, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 9-314 ICED11 xxxiii

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Modular Optimization Strategy for Layout Problems Julien B��nab��s, Emilie Poirson, Fouad Bennis, Yannick Ravaut 9-324 Maintenance Engineering: Case Study of Fitness for Service Assessments Francesco Giacobbe, Domenico Geraci, Emanuele Biancuzzo, Mirko Albino 9-335 An Approach for the Automated Synthesis of Technical Processes Tino Stankovi , Kristina Shea, Mario Štorga, Dorian Marjanovi 9-345 Understanding Styling Activity of Automotive Designers: A Study of Manual Interpolative Morphing Through Freehand Sketching Shahriman Zainal Abidin, Anders Warell, Andre Liem 9-357 Advanced Applications of a Computational Design Synthesis Method F. Bolognini, K. Shea, A.A.Seshia 9-367 Exploring Potentials for Conservational Reasoning using Topologic Rules of Function Structure Graphs Chiradeep Sen, Joshua D. Summers, Gregory M. Mocko 9-377 A Decomposition Algorithm for Parametric Design J. M. Jauregui-Becker, W. O. Schotborgh 9-389 Innovation Through Design for Emotion Vincent Berdillon, Anne Guenand 9-399
VOLUME 10: DESIGN METHOD AND TOOLS PART 2
Can Existing Usability Techniques Prevent Tomorrow��s Usability Problems? Christelle Harkema, Ilse Luyk-De Visser, Kees Dorst, Aarnout Brombacher 10-1 Application to a Car Body Frame Based on Parameter Guidelines for Deriving Diverse Solutions using Emergent Design System Koichiro Sato, Yoshiyuki Matsuoka 10-11 Hierarchical System Concept Generation Rosenstein David, Yoram Reich 10-24 Usage Context-Based Choice Modeling for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Lin He, Wei Chen 10-35 An Examination of the Application of Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle in Product Development Eirin Lodgaard, Knut Einar Aasland 10-47 Realizing a Truly 3D Product Visualization Environment – A Case for using Holographic Displays Eliab Z. Opiyo 10-56 Design Exploration with Useless Rules and Eye Tracking Iestyn Jowers, Miquel Prats, Alison Mckay, Steve Garner 10-66 Simulation Based Generation of an Initial Design Taking into Account Geometric Deviations and Deformations Michael Walter, Thilo Breitsprecher, Georg Gruber, Sandro Wartzack 10-78 Collaborative Idea Generation using Design Heuristics Seda Yilmaz, James L. Christian, Shanna R. Daly, Colleen M. Seifert, Richard Gonzalez 10-91 xxxiv ICED11

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Understanding Managers Decision Making Process for Tools Selection in the Core Front End of Innovation Francesco P. Appio, Sofiane Achiche, Tim Mcaloone, Alberto Di Minin 10-102 Evaluating the Risk of Change Propagation Arman Oduncuoglu, Thomson, Vince 10-114 Multilayer Network Model for Analysis and Management Of Change Propagation Michael C. Pasqual, Olivier L. De Weck 10-126 Can Designers be Proactively Supported as from Product Specifications? Amanda Galea, Jonathan Borg, Alexia Grech, Philip Farrugia 10-139 Design Preference Elicitation: Exploration and Learning Yi Ren, Panos Papalambros 10-149 Designing to Maximize Value for Multiple Stakeholders: A Challenge to Med-Tech Innovation Lauren Aquino Shluzas, Martin Steinert, Larry J. Leifer 10-159 Customer Value is Not a Number - Investigating the Value Concept in Lean Product Development Martin Gudem, Martin Steinert, Torgeir Welo, Larry Leifer 10-167 An Agent-Based System for Supporting Design Engineers in the Embodiment Design Phase Martin Kratzer, Michael Rauscher, Hansgeorg Binz, Peter Goehner 10-178 Combining Narrative and Numerical Simulation: A Supply Chain Case Mette Sanne Hansen, Klaes Rohde Ladeby, Lauge Baungaard Rasmussen, Peter Jacobsen 10-190 Change in Requirements During the Design Process Mohd Nizam Sudin, Saeema Ahmed-Kristensen 10-200 Understanding Adaptability Through Layer Dependencies Robert Schmidt Iii, Jason Deamer, Simon Austin 10-209 Interactivity in Early-Stage Design by Real-Time Update of Stress Information for Evolving Geometries J. Trevelyan, D.J. Scales 10-221 A Value-Centric QFD for Establishing Requirements Specification Xinwei Zhang, Guillaume Auriol, Anne Monceaux, Claude Baron 10-228 IT Support for the Creation and Validation of Requirements Specifications – with a Case Study for Energy Efficiency Thomas Reichel, Gudula R��nger, Daniel Steger, Haibin Xu 10-238 A Decision Support System for the Concept Development of RIM Parts Ricardo Torcato, Ricardo Santos, Madalena Dias, Richard Roth, Elsa Olivetti, Jos�� Carlos Lopes 10-248 Abstract Prototyping in Software Engineering: A Review of Approaches Els Du Bois, Imre Horv��th 10-258 Early Reliability Estimation in Automotive Industry Michael Kopp, Daniel Hofmann, Bernd Bertsche, Christian Heß, Oliver Fritz 10-270 System Dynamics Modeling of New Vehicle Architecture Adoption Carlos Gorbea, Udo Lindemann, Olivier De Weck 10-278 ICED11 xxxv

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Evaluating Methods for Product Vision With Customers�� Involvement to Support Agile Project Management João Luis G. Benassi, Lucelindo D. Ferreira Junior, Daniel C. Amaral 10-290 Wants Chain Analysis: Human-Centered Method for Analyzing and Designing Social Systems Takashi Maeno, Yurie Makino, Seiko Shirasaka, Yasutoshi Makino, Sun K. Kim 10-302 Redundancy Eliminations and Plausible Assumptions of Design Parameters for Evaluating Design Alternatives Alexandros Zapaniotis, Argyris Dentsoras 10-311 Use of Design Methodology to Accelerate the Development and Market Introduction of New Lightweight Steel Profiles Frank Nehuis, Jan Robert Ziebart, Carsten Stechert, Thomas Vietor 10-321 The use of Storyboard to Capture Experiences Anders Wikström, Jennie Andersson, Åsa Öberg, Yvonne Eriksson 10-331 Usability Compliant Supportive Technologies in Simulation-Driven Engineering Jochen Zapf, Bettina Alber-Laukant, Frank Rieg 10-341 A Visualization Concept for Supporting Module Lightweight Design Thomas Gumpinger, Henry Jonas, Benedikt Plaumann, Dieter Krause 10-349 Exploring a Decision-Making Forum in Early Product Development ngrid Kihlander 10-360 The Benfits and Pitfalls of Digital Design Tools Tucker J. Marion, Sebastian K. Fixson 10-370 A Haptic Based Hybrid Mock-Up for Mechanical Products Supporting Human-Centered Design Daniel Kr��ger, Andreas Stockinger, Sandro Wartzack 10-380 Models and Software for Corrugated Board and Box Design Vahid Sohrabpour, Daniel Hellström 10-392 Evolutionary Design Synthesis Comparison: Growth and Development Vs. Fixed-Mesh Cells Or Yogev, Andrew A. Shapiro, Erik K. Antonsson 10-402 Autonomous Visualization Agents to Enhance the Analysis of Virtual Prototypes Rafael Radkowski, J��rgen Gausemeier 10-413 Identifying a Dynamic Interaction Model: A View from the Designer-User Interactions Jaehyun Park, Richard Boland, Jr. 10-426 Linkage of Methods Within the UMEA Methodology - An Approach to Analyse Uncertainties in the Product Development Process Roland Engelhardt, Tobias Eifler, Johannes Mathias, Hermann Kloberdanz, Herbert Birkhofer, Andrea Bohn 10-433 On the Functions of Products M. Aurisicchio, N.L. Eng, J.C. Ort��z Nicol��s, P.R.N. Childs, R.H. Bracewell 10-443 Benchmarking Study of Automotive Seat Track Sensitivity to Manufacturing Variation Maciej Mazur, Martin Leary, Sunan Huang, Tony Baxter, Aleksandar Subic 10-456 Bioinspired Conceptual Design (BICD): Conceptual Design of a Grasshopper-Like Jumping Mechanism as a Case Study Aylin Konez Eroglu, Zuhal Erden, Abdulkadir Erden 10-466 xxxvi ICED11

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